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Competitive Bidding and Sealed Proposals Essay Sample free essay sample

Fixed order and competitory recommendations are the two techniques used to get competitory money related qualities from bidders. Fixed order is â€Å"a methodology by which specialists requests are made known by a sales called and Invitation for Bids. The specialists will use certain order when ( 1 ) it feels sure that grant can be made to the most reduced financial worth offerer who is antiphonal and dependable and ( 2 ) the government’s request is tolerably acceptable characterized in the signifier of drawings and specifications† ( Murphy. 2009 ) . When the orders are opened. the financial qualities become open cognizance. This could be a detriment to contractual workers on the grounds that their fiscal qualities will be made known for all to see. At the point when certain order is utilized. the most reduced bidder that is found to responsive and mindful will be granted the agreement. â€Å"Sealed order ever prompts a firm-fixed-value contract or fixed-cost with fina ncial convenience contract† ( Murphy. 2009 ) . This would be another hindrance to the contractual worker. We will compose a custom article test on Serious Bidding and Sealed Proposals Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page since all the danger is on the contractual worker in fixed-evaluated contracts. â€Å"Competitive acquisitions depend on advertise powers to acquire the best an incentive to the government† ( Murphy. 2009 ) . This methodology contrasts from fixed order since offerers can adjust their recommendations and arrange. In contrast to certain order. competitory acquisitions may non present the agreement to the least bidder. â€Å"This technique licenses tradeoffs among cost or fiscal worth and noncost factors and permits the specialists to acknowledge other than the most minimal estimated proposition. The detected advantages of the more expensive proposition will merit the additional expense. also, the rule for exchange offs must be recorded in the file† ( Murphy. 2009 ) . Bing granted cost-repayment agreement would be best for a temporary worker in light of the fact that most. in the event that non all. of the peril falls on the specialists. On account of the distinctions in these two techniques. the competitory securing technique can be progressively beneficial to contractual workers. Temporary workers who do non hold the most minimal proposed financial worth can in any case be granted a n agreement. or potentially can negociate with the specialists and modify their recommendations. These two things totally give contractual workers a superior opportunity to be granted an agreement. rather than only looking to hold the least order. Other than. as I expressed supra. a cost-repayment contract conveys no peril for the contractual worker. This sort of agreement can non be granted when the specific order system is utilized. Notices Murphy. J. E. ( 2009 ) . Manual for contract estimating: Cost and financial worth investigation for temporary workers. subcontractors. furthermore, specialists agencies. Vienna. VA: Management Concepts

Handy Tax Tips For Freelancers

Handy Tax Tips For Freelancers Handy Tax Tips For Freelancers Handy Tax Tips For FreelancersEmployees get taxes deducted from their paychecks, but freelancers have to handle all that for themselvesâ€"which can mean a nasty surprise come tax season.Being a freelancer comes with advantages, like choosing your own hours and being your own boss, but it also has its own sets of unique challenges. Think back to the knights of old who had a “free lance” which they would offer to different lords if the price was right. Then they would spend the next few months sending invoices to those lords, hoping to get paid for the fighting they actually did.Just like those knights of old (that we entirely made up, by the way), freelancers today will often face difficulties when it comes to getting paid for the work they’ve done. But freelancers today also face a challenge the knights of old never had to deal with. And that challenge is the way the American tax system can be rougher on freelancers than non-freelancers in a similar capacity.While tax returns a re generally lower this year, the biggest decision many folks will face is still  whether or not to take out a cash advance on their refund or just wait for it to arrive. For freelancers, on the other hand, a lack of planning could lead to them owing the IRS a lot of money. Freelancers are doing it for themselves.“There are more freelancers in the United States than ever, with 3.7 million added to their ranks since 2014,” explained CPA Logan Allec (@moneydoneright), owner of the personal finance website  Money Done Right. “And while every freelancer welcomes the extra cash in their pocket, they may not be so ecstatic about filing their tax return come April 15.“In fact, many freelancers are shocked at how much taxes they owe on their freelance income.  Part of this shock comes from the fact that many freelancers pay their entire tax bill for the year when they file their tax returns. This is different from income earned as an employee, where the IRS mandates that a certain amount of taxes be withheld from each paycheck.“There is also the issue of the self-employment tax: in addition to regular income taxes that are calculated based on the tax brackets for the year, freelancers also have to pay self-employment tax on their freelance income. The self-employment tax is comprised of the Social Security tax and Medicare tax. Employers by law pay half of these taxes for their employees, with the employees only having to pay the other half, but a freelancer is responsible to pay 100 percent of their Social Security and Medicare taxes all on their own via the self-employment tax.”Which is why we spoke to experts like Allec and others to offer some tips to help freelancers with their taxes Pay as you go.If there’s one piece of advice nearly all of our experts suggested, it’s for freelancers to avoid paying your taxes all in one go. As Allec explained above, freelancers often dont have taxes withheld from their paycheck, which means a much bigger bill c ome tax time. That’s why the experts suggest paying some of your taxes throughout the year.“Consider setting up quarterly payments,” suggested CPA  Scott Vance. “The IRS form and directions for figuring your quarterlies are really not that hard or if you get a tax expert to help, especially if it is not tax season, the little bit of fees and aggravation up front will save you a multiple of those if you wait till tax season.”OK, so that’s one expert. Need more?“As a long-time freelancer/self-employed copywriter, I offer that tax bills should not be an issue if one is paying quarterly estimated income taxes (state and federal),” explained writer Caryn Starr-Gates (@StellarCopy). “That way, come April, the situation should not be any different than anyone who’s earning a steady paycheck from an employer who is making all the mandated payroll deductions.Sometimes you owe more, sometimes you get a refundâ€"but you usually avert nasty surprises because you’ve already been paying in. Be sure to set aside a set amount every month as your invoices are paidâ€"either flat amount or percentage, whichever worksâ€"in a separate savings account earmarked for tax payments.”As Allec pointed out, you might not have much of a choice when it comes to paying quarterly:The IRS and many states actually require most taxpayers to pay their taxes quarterly.  Employees dont have to worry about this because their employers withhold the appropriate amount of taxes out of their paychecks, assuming they completed their Form W-4 correctly (which is a different discussion!).”Half-business, half-person, all freelancer.You’ve probably read headlines about all the methods big corporations use to reduce their tax burdens. Wouldn’t it be nice to get access to just a little bit of that corporate magic for yourself? Well you might just (sort of) be able to!“Having the right entity set up is important,” advised Candace Stevens, founder of  Number Cruncher, LLC (@Llc Number). “If a freelancers earnings are high enough, usually over $50,000 a year, it is a good idea to look into incorporating. S-Corporations are a pass-through entity where the profit is only subject to income tax. A sole proprietor will pay self-employment tax at a rate of 15.3 percent on the profit plus income tax.”Jai Kumar, marketing manager for  Rapid Filing Services (@RapidTax), shared a blog post that goes into detail about how the new tax code adjustments will affect those who freelance, whether they’ve incorporated or not.Be prepared.As with almost any financial decisions, the more time you give yourself to plan, research, and find the right people to consult, the better off you’ll be.“Spend the money to sit down with a tax expert before tax season,” recommended Vance. “An hour spent discussing issues seen by the expert and the recommendations that come with it will save you a ton of time at tax season.”Meeting with a tax expert will be an additional cost, but it’s one that can save you money in the long run.“Also being aware of the relevant deductions one can still takeâ€"depending on your field and work environment (contract work on site vs. home office, for example)â€"can help reduce adjusted gross income, so speak to your tax advisor about what you should be tracking all year and deducting on your return,” suggested Starr-Gates.“Meeting in the 4th quarter to go over expected annual income, in order to prepare properly for the coming year and tax season, is also advisable, so that your accountant can make any necessary adjustments to the next tax year’s estimated quarterly amounts (and vouchers).”Evading tax evasion.Mistakes are more likely to happen when you’ve got an irregular tax situation. But fear not! Even if you screw up or just can’t afford your tax bill, you can still avoid the Al Capone treatment.“If you do get caught and owe significant taxes, dont hide,” Vance cautioned. “The IRS is easy to work w ith as long as you are upfront. I have had clients come to me who havent filed for years because they owed a large amount and decided not to file because they didnt have the money to pay for it. The IRS has a method to set up payments that is generally accepted as long as you propose payments that satisfy the debt within six years.”Paying taxes as a freelancer is never going to be a good time. But hopefully this advice will make it a little less painful. If youre looking to earn more moneyâ€"possibly through a freelance gig or side hustleâ€"check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Need Cash Fast? Try These 10 Great Side Hustles8 Financial Tips for FreelancersHow to Vet Potential Renters6 Expert Tips to Start Your Side HustleDo you have a question about taxes? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsLogan Allec (@moneydoneright) is a CPA and owner of the personal finance website  Money Done Right.    After spending his twenti es grinding it out in the corporate world and paying off over $35,000 in student loans, he dropped everything and launched  Money Done Right  in 2017.    His mission is to help everybody â€" from college students to retirees â€" make, save, and invest more money.    Logan resides in the Los Angeles area with his wife Caroline.Jai Kumar is  Marketing Manager at  Rapid Filing Services (@RapidTax), an online tax preparation company. They file current and prior year tax returns for thousands of people every year while providing them with free high-quality customer  service.Caryn Starr-Gates (@StellarCopy) is a professional copywriter whose career dates back to the days of the typewriter. She works in advertising, marketing and public relations, writing in all media (print, broadcast, digital) for a broad range of clients across many industries. She has worked on regional and national campaigns for consumer package goods, retail, hospitality, travel, banking/financial services, education , professional services and many other types of accounts. She launched StarrGates Business Communications in 2009 to support her clients’ marketing needs as well as help agencies (advertising/ marketing and public relations) provide professional copywriting services to their clients.Candace (Candy) Stevens is a Tax Preparer/Accountant who works tirelessly to help her clients have the lowest tax liability legally possible and help them to become financially successful. Before starting  Number Cruncher, LLC (@LlcNumber), Candy owned and operated many different businesses where she was responsible for the bookkeeping and accounting while being a full-time Mom to 4 amazing kids. Candy now crunches numbers and advises a wide variety of clients on the ever-changing tax laws and strategies while developing new friendships along the way. Candy enjoys being with family and friends, dancing, camping, paddle boarding, skiing, giving people hugs Oh, and of course, doing taxes. Candy is avail able to help you with your Tax Preparation and Accounting/Bookkeeping needs. She can be reached at numbercruncherllc@gmail.com.Scott Vance is an Enrolled Agent serving the greater Raleigh, NC area. He began his career in tax and accounting soon after retiring from the Army. Scotts military background allows him to closely understand the issues faced by our military personnel, but he works with clients from all walks of life. Scott was born and raised in Pennsylvania. He has lived in numerous US States and foreign countries as would be expected from a military member. The highlight of his overseas experience was a year spent in Kathmandu, Nepal advising the US Ambassador to Nepal on foreign military training.  He is married to Amy Douglass, also from Pennsylvania and they reside in Holly Springs. Together they have a son, Brandon.

Essay about Who is Responsible for the Salem Tragedy

â€Å"Life is a dream for the wise, a game for the fool, a comedy for the rich, a tragedy for the poor† said by Sholom Aleichem. The quote implies that one can have a good life if one has power or if one is judicious. Also, it is a game for the illiterate, a joke for one that is rich and powerful, and misfortune for needy. In the book, The Crucible by Arthur Miller has certain characters and beliefs that is a part of a huge calamity. It was labeled as the Salem Tragedy because in Salem, plebeians and uninvolved people were accused for witchcraft they never committed. Nineteen people were hanged and liable for the witchcraft. A character in The Crucible, Danforth, honest in his own perception is one of the attribution for the Salem tragedy.†¦show more content†¦Danforth is blameworthy for the Salem adversity. Secondly, Abigail, malicious and vengeful girl is responsible for the Salem catastrophes. Abigail was once found dancing in the woods with many of the other girls. After the girls were caught, Abigail was in fear of her life because she knew that if someone else was not blamed, she would be accused and killed. Abigail Williams tried everything to avoid being blamed. She accuses others to escape punishment and persecution. Also, she accuses the people for the witch hunts because of jealousy. Abigail wants to continue the affair, even though John Proctor tried to tell her that the affair is over, but she desperately tried to keep the romance alive. John Proctor states, â€Å"Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before I’ll ever reach for you again† (Miller 23). Next, Abigail’s cunning manner causes fear in the girl’s mind. She slaps Betty for pretending because she does not want anybody to know about the witch hunt. Furthermore, she controls the girls and manipulates Danforth by telling lies. Abigail i s culpable for the Salem Tragedy. Finally, the society’s stupidity was liable for the Salem adversity. First, plebeians or needy were illiterate or in other words not educated. Then, people with power or in a high post were believed to be right in every matter. In the sameShow MoreRelatedEssay The Crucible by Arthur Miller1541 Words   |  7 Pages Set in the small town of Salem Massachusetts in 1692, it explores the struggle of one man with his conscience and his eventual purification. A fictional play based on McCarthyism, a dark chapter in American history. Miller uses The Crucible as a mirror to reflect his views on the anti-communist hysteria inspired by Senator Joseph McCarthys witch hunts in the U.S. Reissue. By using the historical and controversial issue of the Salem Witch Trials, Arthur Millers play Read MoreModern Day Stereotypes And Prejudice962 Words   |  4 PagesWalter). Thus, proving that the Crucible was also looked upon as daily entertainment and the Syrian Refugee Crisis. Society has become more susceptible to hysteria since the Salem Witch Trials because of it’s contentment. In order to best understand the situations, one needs to acknowledge the tensions and who is responsible. In The Crucible, a group of teenage girls, namely Abigail Williams, are liable for starting the hysteria. The hysteria was created by Abigail when she started to accuse peopleRead More The Actions of Judge Danforth in The Crucible Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesIn any community, the people rely on the power of law and justice to protect them. When the guardians of the law and order misuse their power it brings tragedy upon the town. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible the inappropriate actions of the character of Judge Danforth, the voice of authority of the community leads to the tragedy of social disruption of the town accompanied by breakdown in communal solidarity. Firstly, throughout the play Judge Danforth acts with pride and arrogance. At the commencementRead MoreEssay On Personal Rivalries In The Crucible924 Words   |  4 Pagesin the small town of Salem, Massachusetts; fear and hysteria are running rampant. In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, the residents of Salem are allowing their grudges and personal rivalries to distract themselves from the truth. The witch trials are escalating, more and more people are being accused, and the tensions are high. The Putnams have different motivations and grudges that are driving the accusations. Ann Putnam is using the trials to harm the women she deems responsible for the deaths of herRead MoreThe Puritan Religion’s Influence on Children Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthat many would hate living. Most children did not want to follow in their parents footsteps, so there was another burden put onto the small shoulders an innocent child. And thus, the tragedies of Salem, in 1692, were caused b y the strict rules of the Puritan Religion. The church would become the dictator of the Salem community. There were many rules set in stone for the community to follow. Most people at this time were forced to work hard, but hold back any emotions or opinions they had. If theyRead MoreCarol Karlsen s The Devil1692 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals to act as if they were maintaining the safety and justice of society. Karlsen explains that in many instances, women who were labelled as witches were often females that had managed to acquire great economic and social status and society. In fear of these women, the neighborhood targeted them and called them witches to weaken their power. Independent of guilt, women who were accused of witchcraft could not possibly recovered. If they claimed their innocence, they would be stoned or burned toRead MoreTituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem: Devilish Indians and Puritan Fantasies, Book Review1239 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: Tituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem: Devilish Indians and Puritan Fant asies Author: Elaine G. Breslaw Publication: New York and London, 1996 This book summarizes the life of a female Indian servant and her involvement in the 1692 witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts. To begin it gives background information of the Arawak Indian woman named Tituba, which reveals cultural influences. It tells how Tituba was captured and sold into slavery and shifted from one cultural world to anotherRead MoreThe Crucible : A Cautionary Tale Of Corruption926 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a dramatic play written by Arthur Miller in 1953. Miller intrigues his audience with the story of the Salem witch trials, which he loosely based on real events and people from that time period. While there are many different themes at work in this tragedy, the most thought provoking of these is the theme of religion. Puritanism was a large part of everyday life in Salem and this play clearly demonstrates its effect on society back then. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible exposes the evilsRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 Pages Who is to blame? In the novel, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, Abigail, the antagonist in the book is to blame for all the events that occur because she was the one that first dabbled with witchcraft. In that time period, witchcraft was thought of as a sin, and if somebody was accused, they would be hung unless they confessed. She would be categorized as an instigator of her society since she played with witchcraft, and accused others, which would be hung if they didn’t confess. Many eventsRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1450 Words   |  6 Pagesthat drives throughout the play. Abigail Williams, the reverends niece and John Proctor, a farmer who lives outside of town committed a sin that unknowingly escalated into a historical catastrophe. The relations between these two characters caused an out rule within the religious community. Revenge grew within those who were vulnerable, turning lies into the suspicion of witches thus known as the Salem Witch Trials. The revengeful acts between John proctor and Abigail Williams started off with Abigail’s

Analysis Of My Family Honor By Sarah H Davis - 1020 Words

The scenario that I chose is â€Å"My Family Honor† by Sarah H Davis. The players involved in the scenario are Sarah H. Davis, the landlady Letizia, Sarah’s son Jackson and her husband David. The scenario is about Sarah who is an anthropologist and is fascinated about going to Corsica. She brings her son and her husband with her to do researcher about the culture in France. In Corsica she lives with the landlady Letizia and right away Sarah and she have a problem because of cultures values. The characteristic of their culture problem involves: Uncertainty avoidance, low context vs high context individualism vs collectivist and time. The problem occurs because Letizia is upset about at Sarah for not cleaning the house. Sarah could have avoided†¦show more content†¦Letizia tells Sarah that she is supposed to clean the house. France is a high context country because the people do not like to tell others what to do. Sarah, showing low context, she expects Letizia to tell her what she supposes to do. In Minor and Lowell articles refers to â€Å"A written agreement can be taken at face value in a low-context culture. A contract, for example, means exactly what it says, no more and no less than that. A contract is considered the final product of negotiations, not the starting point.† In other words, when you have a contract you are expected to know what to do. In the scenario, Sarah is from American and she follows her culture at Letizia house. Sarah expects Letizia to tell her what she must do in the house, but Letizia did not tell her, so the problem arose. Americans expect others to tell them what to do. In the scenario the characteristic of time culture value is used as the part of the problem. Time culture value contains two types: monochronic time and polychronic time. Monochronic time refers to people who only do what thing at the time. Polychronic time refers to people who believes that time e flies and they like to take it easy and relax. In the scenario, Sarah uses the time culture value when she told Letizia that she will be happy to help her start cleaning but later. Sarah writes, â€Å"I told her I could come and would be happy to help, but I added, because Jackson was required to comeShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Paul Schyve, M.D., Senior Vice President, The Joint Commission Christina L. Cordero, Ph.D., M.P.H., Associate Project Director, Division of Standards and Survey Methods, The Joint

Annualised Risk and Return Free Essays

FM Assignment Q) Obtain daily, weekly and monthly closing prices of the stock given to you. Get adjusted closing prices. Daily and weekly prices should be for one financial year. We will write a custom essay sample on Annualised Risk and Return or any similar topic only for you Order Now Monthly prices should be for 2 years. E. g. FY 2011-2012 and FY 2010-11. Compute annualized return and risk. DATA| ANNUALIZED RETURN| ANNUALIZED RISK| Weekly| -16. 952| 36. 449| Daily| -16. 241| 39. 347| Monthly| -11. 21| 30. 209| Comparing this with a suitable peer company, Company| Annualized return| Annualized risk| JSP| -11. 2154| 30. 209| TATA STEEL| -4. 0020| 47. 202| OBSERVATION As can be seen from the observations above, the stock which gives the maximum return also comes with the maximum risk (TATA STEEL). So when it comes to selecting the stock, the following two cases can be considered: a) Maximum return :- If you are a person who values maximum return and is willing to take the risk for the same, go for TATA STEEL b) Minimum Risk :- If you are a risk averse person, go for JSP as the risk associated with it is less compared to TATA STEEL In either case, whether TATA STEEL or JSP, the annualized return is negative. Q) Construct 10 different portfolios with another company (Correl 0. 0) and compute return and risk for each portfolio. Identify the best portfolio. Construct the minimum variance portfolio. Company| Correl| JSP AND TATA STEEL| 0. 89| JSP AND CUMMINS| 0. 65| Initially we compared JSP and TATA STEEL. We found the Correl = 0. 89 which was greater than 0. 70. Next we compared JSP and Cummins and found the Correl to be 0. 65. So we will choose Cum mins for making the portfolio. Portfolio| Return(%)| Return(%)| | | Percentage ofJSP| | Percentage of CUMMINS| | Portfolio Return| | JSP| CUMMINS| | | | | | | | 1| -11. 21| 14. 83| | | 10%| | 90%| | 12. 2233| 2| -11. 21| 14. 3| | | 20%| | 80%| | 9. 6196| 3| -11. 21| 14. 83| | | 30%| | 70%| | 7. 0159| 4| -11. 21| 14. 83| | | 40%| | 60%| | 4. 4122| 5| -11. 21| 14. 83| | | 45%| | 55%| | 3. 11035| 6| -11. 21| 14. 83| | | 50%| | 50%| | 1. 8085| 7| -11. 21| 14. 83| | | 60%| | 40%| | -0. 7952| 8| -11. 21| 14. 83| | | 70%| | 30%| | -3. 3989| 9| -11. 21| 14. 83| | | 80%| | 20%| | -6. 0026| 10| -11. 21| 14. 83| | | 90%| | 10%| | -8. 6063| Min Variance| -11. 21| 14. 83| | | 36%| | 64%| | 5. 45368| Portfolio| Risk(%)| Risk(%)| | Percentage ofJSP| | Percentage of CUMMINS| Covariance| Portfolio Risk| | JSP| CUMMINS| | | | | | | | 30. 21| 27. 36| | 10%| | 90%| 543. 6637905| 6. 99497971| 2| 30. 21| 27. 36| | 20%| | 80%| 543. 6637905| 9. 326639613| 3| 30. 21| 27. 36| | 30%| | 70%| 543. 6637905| 10. 685008| 4| 30. 21| 27. 36| | 40%| | 60%| 543. 6637905| 11. 42275403| 5| 30. 21| 27. 36| | 45%| | 55%| 543. 6637905| 11. 59986156| 6| 30. 21| 27. 36| | 50%| | 50%| 543. 6637905| 11. 65829952| 7| 30. 21| 27. 36| | 60%| | 40%| 543. 6637905| 11. 42275403| 8| 30. 21| 27. 36| | 70%| | 30%| 543. 6637905| 10. 685008| 9| 30. 21| 27. 36| | 80%| | 20%| 543. 6637905| 9. 326639613| 10| 30. 21| 27. 36| | 90%| | 10%| 543. 637905| 6. 99497971| Min Variance| 30. 21| 27. 36| | 36%| | 64%| 543. 6637905| 11. 19196754| From the above observation, for decision regarding the best portfolio the following cases can be considered:- a) Maximum Return :- If one wants to maximize the return, one should have a portfolio mix consisting of 10% JSP and 90% Cummins b) Minimize Risk :- A risk averse person should go for a portfolio mix consisting of 10% JSP and 90% Cummins c) Minimum Variance: – Ideally, as per the minimum variance rule, one should have 36% of JSP and 64% of Cummins as their portfolio mix. But in this case, it does not give the maximum return nor the least risk. Since maximum return as well as minimum risk is observed for a portfolio mix of 90% Cummins and 10% JSP, one should opt for that. Learning’s * For studying the valuation of assets or securities, knowledge about the concepts of Risks and Returns are essential * Variance or standard deviation is the measure of the risk of returns * Combination of multiple securities are called portfolio’s * Portfolio risk is not a weighted average risk as the securities included in the portfolio are associated with each other. Hence, portfolio risk also accounts for the covariance between the returns of securities * Covariance is the product of standard deviation of individual securities and their correlation coefficient * The magnitude of the portfolio risk will depend on the correlation between the securities. The portfolio risk will be equal to the weighted risk of individual securities if the correlation coefficient is +1. 0. If correlation coefficient 1, the portfolio risk will be less than the weighted average risk. When the correlation coefficient = -1. 0, the portfolio risk becomes 0. Submitted By Group C14 Vaibhav Bhasin 2012182 Vinay Harinarayanan 2012184 How to cite Annualised Risk and Return, Essay examples

Organizing & Outlining Your S peech Essays - Human Communication

Organizing Outlining Your S peech right27703800 Reminder of the steps discussed to this point: -25464322878500 Choose an appropriate topic, while also considering your audience. (Cpt. 5 6) Conduct research, select 2-3 articles which you feel best f it your speech goal.(Cpt. 7 8) right226405 Now it's time to put ideas on paper. (See the outli ne template) 65975720872200 List your title / topic List your general purpose ("to inform") 66047283474 Phrase your specific purpose statement. This is the goal of your speech. ( pgs 82-88) Chapter 9: With your research articles, and with your spec ific purpose statement in mind Organize the Body of the Speech . right62117 List your main points . (pgs. 167-175) Select between 2 and 5 main points. Order points logically . (chronological, spatial, causal, problem-solution, topical) Keep points separate and balanced. Create descriptive and complete sentences for all main points. Ideally, use parallel wording as you phrase main points. right7086300 Include supporti ng material for each main point . (pg. 175-177) Select content which clarifies and supports the main point. Select content which is of use and/or of interest to the audience. Balance supporting material for each main point. right22201700 Include oral citations . (pg. 159-161) Word citations as you will present the sources within your speech. List sources within the body of the speech, as you present the information. Chapter 10: With the body of the speech complete, now focus on the opening and closing. -185195349129 Create the Beginning of the Speech, the introduction, the first impression. List the attention-getter, the opening statement. (pgs. 186-190) Relate the topic to the audience. Provide a surprising statement, fact, or statistic. Ask the audience a question; rhetorical or actual. Use a quotation Tell a dramatic or engaging short story. right20722700 List the central idea, the thesis statement. (Chapter 5, pgs. 89-92) 67712020658400 Provide your connection to the topic, to establish credibility and goodwill. (pgs.192-193) right22020000 Provide a concise, yet specific preview of main points. (pg. 194) -24322136222300 Create the Ending of the Speech, employing impact and certainty. Signal the end of the speech, and review the main points. (pgs. 196-201) Start with a brief transition. "In conclusion," "Now, you better understand," "If you only remember," Restate the central idea and/or review main points. right5905500 Provide an engaging closing statement. Use a quotation Restate the attention-getter, or restate a startling fact from the speech Challenge the audience to think further, or take action. -2426585813000 Create a Speaking Outline (see suggestions below) Chapter 11: Guidelines for the Preparation Outline (pgs. 206-213, example provided) Prepare everything your PLAN to present. (To be submitted to the instructor, through Canvas) List the title, general purpose and specific purpose statement Label the Introduction, Body and Conclusion Use standard outline labeling; roman numerals, capital letters Indent supporting points consistently Use complete sentences throughout outline. Include works-cited (using MLA or APA format; www.easybib.com ) Guidelines for the Speaking Outline (pgs. 213- 217) Brief outline used to guide and remind speaker of ideas during delivery. Follow the preparation outline, listing only key words. (Keep brief) Type or print legibly. (Delivery cues, "Slow down," "Pause," are optional) Use standard paper, NO INDEX CARDS. Practice delivery with speaking outline.

How to Write IEP (Individualized Education Plan) Goals

How to Write IEP (Individualized Education Plan) Goals An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a written plan developed for special education students. The IEP is generally updated annually by a team that often includes the special education teacher, special education administrator, general education teacher, specialists such as speech, occupational, and physical therapists, as well as a school nurse. Writing IEP goals correctly is vital to a special education students success because, unlike in general or regular education, students in special education are legally entitled to an education plan specifically tailored to their cognitive and physical ability and needs. The IEP goals lay out the roadmap for providing such an education. Key Takeaways: SMART IEP Goals IEP goals should be SMART: specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and time-bound.SMART IEP goals are realistic for the student to achieve and explain how the student will accomplish them.Smart IEP goals always consider the students present levels of performance and include a brief description of how progress will be measured as well as what constitutes successful completion of each goal. SMART IEP Goals All IEP goals should be SMART goals, an acronym that refers to goals as specific, measurable, achievable, results-oriented, and time-bound. A SMART IEP goal will be realistic for the student to achieve and lay out how the student will accomplish it. Breaking down the components of SMART goals into their specific elements can make them easier to write. Specific: The goal should be specific in naming the skill or subject area and the targeted result. For example, a goal that is not specific might read, Adam will be a better reader. Such a goal fails to provide any details. Measurable: You should be able to measure the goal using standardized tests,  curriculum-based measurements  or screening, work samples, or even teacher-charted data. A goal that is not measurable might read, Joe will get better at solving math problems. Attainable: A lofty goal that is not attainable can discourage both teacher and student. A goal that is not attainable might read, Frank will ride public transportation all over town without any mistakes any time he wants. If Frank has never ridden public transportation, this goal is likely out of reach. Results-oriented: The goal should clearly spell out the expected result. A poorly worded goal might read, Margie will increase her eye contact with others. Theres no way to measure that and no indication of what the result might be. Time-bound: The goal should state specifically by what date the student is expected to accomplish it. A goal lacking a time expectation might read, Joe will explore career opportunities. Consider Present Level of Performance To write SMART goals, the IEP team needs to know the present levels at which the student is functioning. For example, you wouldnt expect a student to learn algebra by the next IEP if she is currently struggling to add two-digit numbers. Its important that the current levels of performance accurately and honestly reflect the students abilities and deficiencies. A report on the present levels of performance often begins with a statement of the students strengths, preferences, and interests. They would then cover: Academic skills: This lists the students ability in math, reading, and writing, and spells out deficiencies in these areas compared to grade-level peers. Communication development: This describes the level of communication at which the student is functioning as well as any deficits compared to same-age peers. If the student has speech deficits or is using vocabulary and sentence structure that are below grade-level peers, that would be noted here. Emotional/social skills: This describes the students social and emotional abilities, such as getting along with others, initiating and taking part in conversations with friends and classmates, and responding appropriately to stress. An issue in this area could interfere with a students ability to learn and interact with teachers and peers. Monitor Progress Once the IEP team has agreed on a set of goals for the year, its important to monitor the students progress toward meeting those goals. The process for monitoring the students progress is often included in the IEP goals themselves. For example, a SMART goal listed previously reads as follows: Penelope will be able to solve two-digit addition problems with 75 percent accuracy as measured by work samples, teacher-charted data, and standardized tests. For this goal, the teacher would collect work samples over a period of time, such as a week or month, to indicate Penelopes progress. Data collection  refers to regularly assessing a student’s success on individual items in her goals, usually at least once a week. For example, the teacher and paraprofessionals might maintain a daily or weekly log that shows how accurately Penelope is solving two-digit multiplication problems on a daily or weekly basis. Review and Update Benchmarks as Needed Since goals are written to cover an entire year, they are generally broken into benchmarks. These might be quarterly periods where the teacher and staff can monitor how well the student is progressing toward the specific goal. For example, the first benchmark might require Penelope to solve two-digit problems with 40 percent accuracy by the end of the first quarter; the second benchmark, three months later, might require her to solve problems at 50 percent accuracy, while a third might call for a 60 percent accuracy rate. If the student is not close to achieving these benchmarks, the team can include an addendum adjusting the final goal to a more reasonable level, such as 50 percent accuracy. Doing so provides the student with a more realistic chance of achieving the goal in the long run. IEP Goal Examples IEP goals should, as noted, follow the SMART acronym, ensuring that they are specific, measurable, achievable, results-oriented, and time-bound. Following are some examples: Adam will be  able to read a passage orally in a grade-level book at 110 to 130 words per minute with no more than 10 errors. This goal is specific because it specifies exactly how many words Adam will be able to read in a minute as well as the acceptable error rate. As another example, a SMART goal that is measurable might read: Penelope will be able to solve two-digit addition problems with 75 percent accuracy as measured by work samples, teacher-charted data, and standardized tests. This goal is measurable because it specifies the desired accuracy percentage on all work samples. A goal that is attainable goal might read: By the next meeting, Joe will travel from school to home safely on a public transportation bus once a week with 100 percent accuracy as measured by teacher-charted data. Put another way, this is a goal that Joe might well be able to reach; hence, it is attainable. A results-oriented goal could state: Margie will look the person speaking to her in the eye 90 percent of the time in four out of five daily opportunities, as measured by teacher-charted data. This goal focuses on results: It specifies what, exactly, the outcome will be if Margie reaches the goal. (Shell be able to look a person in the eye 90 percent of the time.) A time-bound goal, by contrast, might read: By the next meeting, Joe will explore career opportunities through a variety of media (such as books, library, internet, newspaper, or tours of job sites) with 100 percent accuracy in four out of five weekly trials, as measured by teacher-charted observation/data. Importantly, this goal specifies when Joe should reach the goal (by the next meeting, likely a year from the date the goal was initially accepted by the IEP team). With this goal, everyone on the IEP team is aware that Joe is expected to have explored the specified career opportunities by the next meeting.

Vocabulary Words To Know in The Pearl

Vocabulary Words To Know in The Pearl Although short, The Pearl  by John Steinbeck can be a challenging read. A great way to expand your vocabulary is to read a book with words that you dont know yet. In that way, reading The Pearl can be a helpful exercise. Heres a vocabulary list from John Steinbeck by chapter.   Chapter 1 avarice - greedbougainvillea - a type of tropical flowerconsolation - to comfortdetachment - lack of concern or attachmentindigent - poor; impoverishedlymphatic - tissue where white blood cells are producedscandal - shamefululcers - open sores Chapter 2 bulwark - defensive wallestuary - river meets sea tidegloating - prideful; braggingincandescence - giving off lightlateen - sail (triangle)poultice - an herbal application for the purpose of healing or remedytelescopically - slide within one another; like a telescope Chapter 3 almsgiving - giving money to the poorammonia - colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odourconsecrated - sacredcozened - trickery; misleadingdisparagement - insultdissembling - misleadingfurtive - secretivejudicious - to exercise good judgment; sound thinkinglucent - softly bright; radiantprecipitated - hurled; cause to move suddenlysubjugation - forced submission; conquertransfigured - idealize; metamorphosis Chapter 4 appraiser - one who estimates worth or valuecontemptuous - scorn or disdaincountenanced - toleratedcrafty - cleverfreshet - freshwater stream (flowing into the sea)legerdemain - magiclethargy - tired; weaktules - weaving material Chapter 5 edifice - building or structureexhilaration - glad; joyfulleprosy - chronic granulomatous communicable diseaseskirled - a shrill callstifling - smothering; suffocating; to take away breath or restrict Chapter 6 apprehensively - fearfulcleft - splitescarpment - a long, steep slope or cliff; declivityintercession - intervention; protection; mediationmalignant - dangerous; harmful; tumorous; deadlymonolithic - huge; imposingmonotonously - boring; without variationoutcroppings - layers of rockthreshed - beat; whipped

The Impact of the Domestic Regulatory Environment on Competition and Case Study

The Impact of the Domestic Regulatory Environment on Competition and Corporate Strategy Development - Case Study Example Now a days, after the globalization and liberalization policies, the competition is not only from companies located with in a nation but also from firms established globally. All these factors that affect the competition and firm’s strategic management plans would be further influenced by domestic regulatory environment. The domestic regulatory environment includes the government policies that aim at social and economic justice, tariff structure in different services and technical regulations that aim at enhancing the growth rate. The influence of external environment and government polices on the corporate strategic options was well established (Venkatraman and Prescott, 1990). Though it was proved that the role of management positively influences the company’s performance, still the constraints caused by the domestic environment may result in negative growth rate (Thomas et al., 1991). This may happen at higher intensity when the domestic regulatory environment discou rages the products of the company by putting environmental safety norms. The government policies may also aim at bringing welfare state of the society for which the companies may be asked to follow the steps fulfilling the social obligations which in turn negatively influence the firm’s performance (Bryer, 1982). ... Similarly, the companies which are involved in fruit juice making may get huge benefit if the government policy encourages the export environment by giving tax concessions. At the same time, the companies that are involved in electronic goods may incur losses if the domestic environment encourages the imports from other nations at a cheaper price. Hence, the private or corporate business firms must have dynamic strategic management development options which provide higher adaptation compared to its competitors in the market (Teece et al., 1997). The element of diversification gives remarkable edge to the corporate houses in making flexible adjustments in response to any domestic regulatory environment. The advantage of mixing several products that suit the customer needs in terms of competitive edge and firms performance was well established (Simmonds, 1990). Those firms which concentrated only on one product have higher risk due to change in domestic regulatory environment. These fi rms may respond well to the technical regulations laid down by the government from time to time, but they fail in their competitive ability and adjusting to the new tariff structure in the market and to the regulations related to social and economic justice in the society. The companies which have strong and dynamic strategic development / management team strive well in the market as they predict the new changes in domestic regulatory environment and hence they respond faster to the changes with highest competitive ability. The corporate houses must respond to the domestic regulations as early as possible to reduce the losses and to capitalize the new situation

Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Apple - Essay Example These software and hardware systems have long provided success with regard to the company’s profitability. Moreover, while the company’s programmers, engineers, designers, and other personnel represent key resources, Apple Inc.’s capability to exploit these personnel’s abilities to develop hardware and software ecosystems encompasses the firm’s key ability. On an individual level, the resources represent only a temporary fraction of the firm’s competitive advantage. However, the combination of all the personnel’s abilities creates the firm’s sustainable competitive advantage. The establishment of Apple stores also provided the company with significant resources for physical presence since the stores act as sales locations, as well as means of advertisement. The stores allow the company to monitor and control brand image within the market. In order to maintain its current, strategic position, and enhance its success in the coming years, Apple Inc. should establish highly innovative software and hardware to augment its current resources. In addition, the company should also endeavor to employ personnel with Jobs’ passion for excellence (Lashinsky 58). Such personnel should not only form the company’s strategic planning department, but all departments in the entire company. Situational Analysis The company has a rather intriguing mission statement that not only provides focus to the company in terms of its business operations and processes. The company’s website provides a list of its products rather than a conventional mission statement. The company’s official mission statement states that it designs Macs, the best personal computers globally, alongside OS X, iLife, iWork, and other professional software. Apple directs the digital music revolution through its iTunes online store and iPods. However, popular beliefs hold that Apple Inc. got its conventional mission statement from on e of Steve Jobs’ quotes during the 1980s. Jobs’ quote can be summarized as follows: â€Å"Man is the developer of change in the world. As such, man should be above all systems and structures, and not secondary to them† (Lutchen 72). While various sources consider all these statements as the true mission statement, the company ends most of its press releases through a statement that bears a resemblance to traditional mission statements. The company ends its press releases with the statement, â€Å"Apple commits to the provision of the best personal computing experience to educators, students, customers, and creative professional across the globe through its innovative software, hardware, and Internet offerings.† The company’s mission statement provides a sense of direction, which is sufficiently flexible to the changing market situations. The company’s motivation to continue providing the best hardware, software and Internet offerings, means that it will develop technologies to adapt according to market situations. The industry has many successful competitors that pose a challenge to Apple Inc. However, the company’s strategy allows the firm to remain successful. Apple’s main competitive advantage lies in its broad array of products, especially its software, hardware, and Internet solutions (Cruikshank 81). The company’s immense resources such as personnel provide the backing for the company’s policies and strategies. This means that the company requires dedicated personnel to help it put

Abortion Ethics Essay -- essays research papers

The argument of abortion has been raging since the Supreme Court case, Roe vs. Wade, in 1973. This court case has divided the country into two factions: pro-choice and pro-life. Pro-life advocates argue that abortions are murder and extreme levels of child abuse. While pro-choice advocates believe abortions are a justifiable means to end pregnancies. The pro-choice argument is that the fetus is not yet a human being and its rights should not override that of the mother’s. An importance on what defines a human is very important. Is a human the result of sperm fertilizing an egg? At this point of fertilization the human is composed of a single cell with a unique DNA structure. Killing this unique cell would be wrong, however does this single cell constitute for a person? If being human is defined through having a certain level of self awareness and acknowledgment of your person, then the fetus is not yet a human being so aborting it would be as immoral as destroying a malignant tumor (Shrage 127). Should emphasis be placed on intelligence and awareness when interpreting what a human being is? A fetus is not a form of intelligent life because it has not yet had any experience, so therefore probably hasn’t had thoughts. In his essay, Rene Descartes, argues that we truly exist because we can doubt our existence. He states, â€Å"If I completely stop thinking, I would completely cease to exist†. In this sense of existence is it possible for an unborn child to doubt their existenc... Abortion Ethics Essay -- essays research papers The argument of abortion has been raging since the Supreme Court case, Roe vs. Wade, in 1973. This court case has divided the country into two factions: pro-choice and pro-life. Pro-life advocates argue that abortions are murder and extreme levels of child abuse. While pro-choice advocates believe abortions are a justifiable means to end pregnancies. The pro-choice argument is that the fetus is not yet a human being and its rights should not override that of the mother’s. An importance on what defines a human is very important. Is a human the result of sperm fertilizing an egg? At this point of fertilization the human is composed of a single cell with a unique DNA structure. Killing this unique cell would be wrong, however does this single cell constitute for a person? If being human is defined through having a certain level of self awareness and acknowledgment of your person, then the fetus is not yet a human being so aborting it would be as immoral as destroying a malignant tumor (Shrage 127). Should emphasis be placed on intelligence and awareness when interpreting what a human being is? A fetus is not a form of intelligent life because it has not yet had any experience, so therefore probably hasn’t had thoughts. In his essay, Rene Descartes, argues that we truly exist because we can doubt our existence. He states, â€Å"If I completely stop thinking, I would completely cease to exist†. In this sense of existence is it possible for an unborn child to doubt their existenc...

Macro and Micro Economics

Micro Economics:- Microeconomics is a branch of economics that analyzes the market behavior of individual consumers and firms in an attempt to understand the decision-making process of firms and households. It is concerned with the interaction between individual buyers and sellers and the factors that influence the choices made by buyers and sellers. In particular, microeconomics focuses on patterns of supply and demand and the determination of price and output in individual markets (e. g. coffee industry). Areas microeconomics covers: Supply and demand ?Competition ?Monopolies ?Profit and loss ?Opportunity cost Elasticity †¢Rigid laws:- Businesses may be doomed to be non starters due to restrictive business environment which may take the form of rigid government laws ( no polluting industry can ever be located in around 50 Km radius of the Taj) , state of competition ( Car manufacturing capacity presently in the country is far in excess of demand) etc. †¢Environment impact :- The present and future viability of an enterprise is impacted by the environment For eg no TV manufacturer can be expected to survive by making only B&W television sets when consumer preference has clearly shifted to color television sets. Key Inputs:- The availability of all key inputs like skilled labor , trained managers, raw materials, electricity, transportation, fuel etc are a factor of the business environment. †¢Public awareness:- Increasing public awareness of the negative aspects of certain industries like hand woven carpets (use of child labor ) , pesticides (damage to environment in the form of chemical residues in groundwater), plastic bags (choking of sewer lines) have resulted in the slow decline of some industries. †¢The Market:- Organizations closely monitor their customer markets in order to adjust to changing tastes and preferences. A market is people or organizations with wants to satisfy, money to spend, and the willingness to spend it. Each target market has distinct needs, which need to be monitored. It is imperative for an organization to know their customers, how to reach them and when customers' needs change in order to adjust its marketing efforts accordingly. The market is the focal point for all marketing decisions in an organization. †¢Marketing Intermediaries:- Physical distribution firms help the organization to stock and move products from their points of origin to their destinations. Warehouses store and protect the goods before they move to the next destination. Marketing service agencies help the organization target and promote its products and include marketing research firms, advertising agencies, and media firms. Financial intermediaries help finance transactions and insure against risks and include banks, credit unions, and insurance companies. Macro Economics:- Macroeconomics is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of the entire economy. This includes a national, regional, or global economy. Macroeconomists study aggregated indicators such as GDP, unemployment rates, and price indices to understand how the whole economy functions. In Macroeconomics there are two areas of research that are emblematic of the discipline: the attempt to understand the causes and consequences of short-run fluctuations in national income (the business cycle), and the attempt to understand the determinants of long-run economic growth (increases in national income). Areas of macroeconomics covers: ?Money supply ?Interest rates ?Fiscal and monetary policy ?Unemployment ?Growth ?Inflation ?Inflation:- In recent years, a confluence of macroeconomic and industry-specific factors has led to record-high prices and unprecedented volatility in the global agricultural commodity markets. Specifically, simultaneous increases in demand and production costs along with intensifying supply-side pressures have led many experts to forecast extended periods of higher-than-average prices for many commodities. Farm-based commodities have recently experienced unprecedented growth in demand from both traditional and non-traditional sources. Traditional demand has increased primarily via worldwide population growth. The world’s population currently exceeds 6. 5 billion, is projected to reach nearly 9. 5 billion by 2050. Increases in demand have also been driven by global industrialization’s positive effect on disposable income in emerging economies like China and India. As a result, citizens of these countries have begun to shift away from the grain-centric diet of developing countries to the protein-rich diet common to countries with higher per capita GDP. Because, on average, one pound of protein requires nearly seven pounds of grain to produce, the increase in demand for meat has a large multiplier effect on the demand for grain. Moreover, increased globalization, free trade, and currency exchange considerations have increased agriculture-based exports from producing countries like the U. S. Canada, and Australia, as well as Europe and South America, which has increased competition and intensified demand on a global scale. In addition to traditional food-related demand, coarse grains such as corn, sorghum, barley, oats, and rye and edible oils and edible oil products have experienced exponential demand growth due to the rapidly expanding biofuels initiative in the United States, Brazil, and the European Union. The World Bank estimated that nearly all of the increase in global corn production between 2004-2007 was used for biofuels production in the United States. Moreover, as evidenced by Congress’s recent mandate to increase domestic ethanol production nearly five-fold by 2022, the biofuels component of agricultural commodity demand is not likely to decline in the near, or even intermediate, future. Most agricultural commodities are also experiencing significant supply-side pressure from a variety of sources. Recently, the global supply of agricultural commodities has been severely affected by unfavorable weather conditions (e. g. , droughts, flooding, and freezes) in several regions, including the U. S. , Europe, Canada, Argentina, Ukraine, and Russia. As a result, global stockpiles of agricultural commodities have fallen to their lowest levels in many years. At the same time, increased competition for productive crop land and the reconfiguration of planting decisions to maximize returns from biofuels-related plantings (e. g. , corn and soybeans) have drastically affected the supplies of most agriculture commodities. Significant increases in production costs, led by record oil and fertilizer prices, and increasing scarcity of productive farmland and sufficient and accessible water supplies have further contributed to limits on worldwide production capacity. Finally, political unrest in producing countries has slowed or stopped production on otherwise physically productive land, further tightening supplies. Unlike many other commodities, agricultural commodities are crucial to the survival of nations. In a recent study, researchers concluded that nearly 60 percent of all global conflicts over the past two decades have been primarily driven by disputes related to food, land, or water. Recent spikes in food prices have lead to food smuggling in some countries and riots in others. Because of the universal necessity for food and the irreplaceable role that agricultural commodities have in worldwide food production, market analysts, including the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) predict that â€Å"when commodity supplies eventually recover and prices moderate from current high levels, the new equilibrium prices will be significantly higher than has traditionally been observed during periods of market balance. † As summarized in the table below, even when the volatility is removed from short-term prices, long-run ommodity price projections forecast equilibrium prices for most major crops that are 19 to 110 percent higher than their recent five-year average. The preceding analysis suggests agribusiness and agricultural-related firms may present interesting investment opportunities. Companies with operations and/or substantial investments in one or more key grain producing nations, such as the U. S. , Canada, Europe, Russia, Brazil, an d China, may be favorable over countries operating primarily in resource poor nations. Companies with significant command over their supply chain are likely to display significant operating advantages, but because of the capital-intensive nature of the industry, especially for companies with significant supply chain investment, firms with low debt, good credit rating, and/or relatively easy access to credit markets are preferred in light of current global economic conditions. Moreover, any company with significant supply chain investment should be providing logistical synergies and optimizing efficient operation of all its assets. In particular, companies that invest in technology to produce more robust, more efficient farmland and crops may provide unique opportunities for investment in the short- and intermediate-term. In summary, although current prices and volatility may not be sustainable in the long term, the long-term factors affecting agricultural commodities will most likely result in an extended period of high, although not necessarily record, prices. As a result, investments in agriculturally-oriented firms appear to be promising over intermediate- and long-term horizons.

Influir Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

The Spanish verb influir means to influence or to have influence on someone or something. Another verb with the same meaning is influenciar. This article includes the conjugations of influir in the present, past and future indicative, the present and past subjunctive, the imperative, and other verb forms. When conjugating influir, you must be careful with a spelling change that occurs whenever the vowel i would end up between two other vowels. When that happens, the i turns into y. For example, in the first person singular present (yo), the conjugation of influir would be yo influio. Since Spanish does not allow an i between two vowels, it changes into a y, so you end up with yo influyo (I influence). Influir Present Indicative In the present indicative tense, the spelling change i to y occurs in all of the conjugations except nosotros and vosotros. Yo influyo I influence Yo influyo en las decisiones de mi familia. Tà º influyes You influence Tà º influyes en la vida de tu hijo. Usted/à ©l/ella influye You/he/she influences Ella influye en las negociaciones de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Nosotros influimos We influence Nosotros influimos en los resultados de las elecciones. Vosotros influà ­s You influence Vosotros influà ­s en el estado de à ¡nimo de vuestra amiga. Ustedes/ellos/ellas influyen You/they influence Ellos influyen en la dieta de los estudiantes. Influir Preterite Indicative In the preterite tense the spelling change i to y occurs only for the third person singular and plural conjugations. Yo influà ­ I influenced Yo influà ­ en las decisiones de mi familia. Tà º influiste You influenced Tà º influiste en la vida de tu hijo. Usted/à ©l/ella influyà ³ You/he/she influenced Ella influyà ³ en las negociaciones de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Nosotros influimos We influenced Nosotros influimos en los resultados de las elecciones. Vosotros influisteis You influenced Vosotros influisteis en el estado de à ¡nimo de vuestra amiga. Ustedes/ellos/ellas influyeron You/they influenced Ellos influyeron en la dieta de los estudiantes. Influir Imperfect Indicative There are no spelling changes in the imperfect tense. To conjugate the imperfect simply use the ending for -er and -ir verbs (à ­a, à ­as, à ­a, à ­amos, à ­ais, à ­an). The imperfect can be translated as was influencing or used to influence. Yo influà ­a I used to influence Yo influà ­a en las decisiones de mi familia. Tà º influà ­as You used to influence Tà º influà ­as en la vida de tu hijo. Usted/à ©l/ella influà ­a You/he/she used to influence Ella influà ­a en las negociaciones de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Nosotros influà ­amos We used to influence Nosotros influà ­amos en los resultados de las elecciones. Vosotros influà ­ais You used to influence Vosotros influà ­ais en el estado de à ¡nimo de vuestra amiga. Ustedes/ellos/ellas influà ­an You/they used to influence Ellos influà ­an en la dieta de los estudiantes. Influir Future Indicative There are no spelling changes in the future tense. Yo influirà © I will influence Yo influirà © en las decisiones de mi familia. Tà º influirà ¡s You will influence Tà º influirà ¡s en la vida de tu hijo. Usted/à ©l/ella influirà ¡ You/he/she will influence Ella influirà ¡en las negociaciones de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Nosotros influiremos We will influence Nosotros influiremosen los resultados de las elecciones. Vosotros influirà ©is You will influence Vosotros influirà ©is en el estado de à ¡nimo de vuestra amiga. Ustedes/ellos/ellas influirà ¡n You/they willinfluence Ellos influirà ¡n en la dieta de los estudiantes. Influir Periphrastic  Future Indicative   The periphrastic future is formed with three components: the present indicative conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a, and the infinitive influir. Yo voy a influir I am going to influence Yo voy a influir en las decisiones de mi familia. Tà º vasa influir You aregoing toinfluence Tà º vasa influiren la vida de tu hijo. Usted/à ©l/ella vaa influir You/he/she isgoing toinfluence Ella vaa influiren las negociaciones de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Nosotros vamosa influir We aregoing toinfluence Nosotros vamosa influiren los resultados de las elecciones. Vosotros vaisa influir You aregoing toinfluence Vosotros vaisa influiren el estado de à ¡nimo de vuestra amiga. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vana influir You/they aregoing toinfluence Ellos vana influiren la dieta de los estudiantes. Influir Present Progressive/Gerund Form The present participle or gerund can be used as an adverb or to form progressive tenses. It is formed with the ending -ando (for -ar verbs) or -iendo (for -er and -ir verbs). When forming the gerund for influir, notice the spelling change i to y. Present Progressive of Influir està ¡ influyendo is influencing Ella està ¡ influyendo en las negociaciones de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Influir Past Participle The past participle can be used as an adjective or to form compound tenses, like the present perfect. It is formed with the ending -ido for -er and -ir verbs and the ending -ado for -ar verbs. Present Perfect of Influir ha influido has influenced Ella ha influido en las negociaciones de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Influir Conditional Indicative In the conditional tense are no spelling changes. It is formed with the infinitive influir and the conditional endings. Yo influirà ­a I would influence Yo influirà ­a en las decisiones de mi familia si me escucharan. Tà º influirà ­as You would influence Tà º influirà ­as en la vida de tu hijo si tuvieran una mejor relacià ³n. Usted/à ©l/ella influirà ­a You/he/she would influence Ella influirà ­aen las negociaciones de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a si fuera la jefa. Nosotros influirà ­amos We would influence Nosotros influirà ­amos en los resultados de las elecciones, pero no somos suficientes. Vosotros influirà ­ais You would influence Vosotros influirà ­ais en el estado de à ¡nimo de vuestra amiga si no estuviera deprimida. Ustedes/ellos/ellas influirà ­an You/they wouldinfluence Ellos influirà ­an en la dieta de los estudiantes, pero no comen lo que les sirven. Influir Present Subjunctive In the present subjunctive, the spelling change i to y occurs in all of the conjugations. Que yo influya That I influence Patricia espera que yo influya en las decisiones de mi familia. Que tà º influyas That you influence El abuelo quiere que tà º influyas en la vida de tus hijos. Que usted/à ©l/ella influya That you/he/she influence El gerente espera que ella influya en las negociaciones de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Que nosotros influyamos That we influence El presidente espera que nosotros influyamos en los resultados de las elecciones. Que vosotros influyà ¡is That you influence El consejero sugiere que vosotros influyà ¡is en el estado de à ¡nimo de vuestra amiga. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas influyan That you/they influence La nutricionista espera que ellos influyanen la dieta de los estudiantes. Influir Imperfect Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive is conjugated with the third person plural conjugation (ellos, ellas, ustedes) in the preterite tense (influyeron), removing the on, and then adding the imperfect subjunctive endings. The tables below show the two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive. Option 1 Que yo influyera That I influenced Patricia esperaba que yo influyera en las decisiones de mi familia. Que tà º influyeras That you influenced El abuelo querà ­a que tà º influyeras en la vida de tus hijos. Que usted/à ©l/ella influyera That you/he/she influenced El gerente esperaba que ella influyera en las negociaciones de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Que nosotros influyà ©ramos That we influenced El presidente esperaba que nosotros influyà ©ramosen los resultados de las elecciones. Que vosotros influyerais That you influenced El consejero sugerà ­a que vosotros influyerais en el estado de à ¡nimo de vuestra amiga. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas influyeran That you/they influenced La nutricionista esperaba que ellos influyeranen la dieta de los estudiantes. Option 2 Que yo influyese That I influenced Patricia esperaba que yo influyese en las decisiones de mi familia. Que tà º influyeses That you influenced El abuelo querà ­a que tà º influyeses en la vida de tus hijos. Que usted/à ©l/ella influyese That you/he/she influenced El gerente esperaba que ella influyese en las negociaciones de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Que nosotros influyà ©semos That we influenced El presidente esperaba que nosotros influyà ©semosen los resultados de las elecciones. Que vosotros influyeseis That you influenced El consejero sugerà ­a que vosotros influyeseis en el estado de à ¡nimo de vuestra amiga. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas influyesen That you/they influenced La nutricionista esperaba que ellos influyesenen la dieta de los estudiantes. Influir Imperative Most of the imperative conjugations have the spelling change i to y. The tables below contain both the positive and negative commands. Positive Commands Tà º influye Influence!  ¡Influye en la vida de tus hijos! Usted influya Influence!  ¡Influya en las negociaciones de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a! Nosotros influyamos Let's influence!  ¡Influyamos en los resultados de las elecciones! Vosotros influid Influence!  ¡Influid en el estado de à ¡nimo de vuestra amiga! Ustedes influyan Influence!  ¡Influyan en la dieta de los estudiantes! Negative Commands Tà º no influyas Don't influence!  ¡No influyas en la vida de tus hijos! Usted no influya Don't influence!  ¡No influya en las negociaciones de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a! Nosotros no influyamos Let's not influence!  ¡No influyamos en los resultados de las elecciones! Vosotros no influyà ¡is Don't influence!  ¡No influyà ¡is en el estado de à ¡nimo de vuestra amiga! Ustedes no influyan Don't influence!  ¡No influyan en la dieta de los estudiantes!